Botulinum neurotoxins are zinc proteins.
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Botulinum Neurotoxins
Botulism is a neuroparalytic disease caused by neurotoxin produced from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are among the most potent known biological toxins and have an estimated human median lethal dose (LD50) in the nanogram/kilogram range. Botulinum toxins have historically been employed as biological weapons (BW) through state-sponsored programs in Japan,...
متن کاملThe Zinc-Dependent Protease Activity of the Botulinum Neurotoxins
The botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT, serotypes A-G) are some of the most toxic proteins known and are the causative agents of botulism. Following exposure, the neurotoxin binds and enters peripheral cholinergic nerve endings and specifically and selectively cleaves one or more SNARE proteins to produce flaccid paralysis. This review centers on the kinetics of the Zn-dependent proteolytic activities...
متن کاملBotulinum neurotoxins: more and more diverse and fascinating toxic proteins.
Botulism is a rare but severe disease mainly resulting from food poisoning or intestinal colonization. Food poisoning, including botulism, certainly occurred in ancient times. However, this disease was not recognized as a distinct pathological entity until the latter half of the 18th century. A first detailed description of the clinical symptoms was provided by Kerner in Germany (1815–1817), wh...
متن کاملZebrafish Sensitivity to Botulinum Neurotoxins.
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) are the most potent known toxins. The mouse LD50 assay is the gold standard for testing BoNT potency, but is not sensitive enough to detect the extremely low levels of neurotoxin that may be present in the serum of sensitive animal species that are showing the effects of BoNT toxicity, such as channel catfish affected by visceral toxicosis of catfish. Since zebrafis...
متن کاملAntipruritic Effects of Botulinum Neurotoxins.
This review explores current evidence to demonstrate that botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) exert antipruritic effects. Both experimental and clinical conditions in which botulinum neurotoxins have been applied for pruritus relief will be presented and significant findings will be highlighted. Potential mechanisms underlying antipruritic effects will also be discussed and ongoing challenges and unm...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Biological Chemistry
سال: 1992
ISSN: 0021-9258
DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)35863-0